Tuesday, November 29, 2011
Virus Ini Bisa Memusnahkan Spesies Manusia
ROTTERDAM, KOMPAS.com — Inilah virus paling berbahaya. Virus ini bisa memusnahkan manusia, tetapi sekaligus juga dibuat oleh manusia.
Tak ada nama spesifik bagi virus itu, atau setidaknya belum diberi nama secara resmi. Ahli virus dari Pusat Medis Erasmus di Rotterdam, Belanda, Ron Fouchier adalah orang yang menciptakan virus itu. Ia melakukannya dengan memutasikan materi genetik virus H5N1. Untuk menguji patogenitas virus, Fouchier memakai musang sebagai hewan percobaan karena memiliki saluran pernapasan serupa dengan manusia.
"Ini adalah salah satu virus paling berbahaya yang bisa Anda buat," kata Fouschier seperti dikutip Daily Mail, Minggu (27/11/2011). Virus ini jauh lebih mudah menginfeksi manusia dan ditularkan ke manusia lain. Jika virus ini sampai "bocor" ke publik, potensi pandemik global akibat virus ini sangat tinggi. Boleh jadi, spesies manusia dibuat musnah karenanya.
Lalu apa tujuannya membuat virus yang bisa mematikan manusia? Fouchier mengatakan, penelitian ini bagian dari usaha internasional memahami H5N1. Riset serupa lain juga dilakukan tim peneliti kerja sama Universitas Wisconsin di AS dan Universitas Tokyo di Jepang.
Hasil penelitian Fouchier dan tim peneliti dari Wisconsin dan Tokyo kini tengah diulas oleh Badan Penasihat Sains Nasional untuk Keamanan Biologis Amerika Serikat (NSABB). Beberapa kalangan menolak publikasi hasil penelitian tersebut sebab dikhawatirkan akan disalahgunakan. Hasil penelitian bisa berdampak positif untuk kesehatan masyarakat, tetapi juga bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai senjata biologis.
"Kami tak mau memberikan road map bagaimana cara membuat virus buruk menjadi semakin buruk kepada para penjahat," kata Michael Osterholm, anggota NSABB yang juga merupakan pakar flu dan pertahanan biologis dari Pusat Penelitian dan Kebijakan Penyakit Infeksi di Universitas Minnesota, AS.
Sumber : www.kompas.com
Avtur Berbahan Baku Sawit Dikembangkan
JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) mengembangkan minyak avtur (jetfuel) dari minyak sawit yang merupakan teknologi biofuel generasi 1,5, atau pengembangan biofuel generasi pertama melalui jalur "hydrotreating".
"Jalur hydrotreating yakni dengan proses pemberian hidrogen ke minyak sawit (CPO)," kata Kepala Balai Rekayasa Desain dan Sistem Teknologi BPPT Dr Adiarso pada Lokakarya Pengembangan dan Perekayasaan Teknologi Biodiesel 2011 di Jakarta, Rabu (16/11/11)
Hidrogen tersebut berasal dari gasifikasi biomassa dan menghasilkan C02 dan H2 yang direaksikan dengan sintesis Fischer Tropsch dengan menggunakan suatu jenis katalis sehingga menghasilkan minyak avtur, ujarnya.
Biofuel generasi 1,5 ini dikembangkan BPPT bersamaan dengan pengembangan biofuel generasi 2 sejak awal 2010 bekerja sama dengan Jepang.
"Kalau yang generasi pertama sudah selesai prototipenya sejak lama, bahkan pabrik biodiesel dan bioetanol ini sudah diaplikasikan di beberapa daerah di kawasan perkebunan sawit, jarak atau perkebunan lainnya," jelas Adiarso.
Teknologi produksi biodiesel merupakan teknologi produksi generasi I, yaitu melalui reaksi esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi minyak nabati dengan sejumlah alkohol dan katalis asam/basa menghasilkan biodiesel (akil ester).
"Namun karena produksi biodiesel generasi I menggunakan bahan baku minyak sawit mentah (CPO) yang harganya sangat tinggi, sampai Rp8.000-Rp9.000 per liter, maka pengusaha sawit tentu saja lebih memilih ekspor mentah langsung daripada membuat biodiesel yang prosesnya harus menambah Rp1.000-2.000 per liter lagi untuk dijual sebagai biodiesel seharga Rp4.500," katanya.
Itulah mengapa dibuat biodiesel generasi II yang memanfaatkan biomassa melalui proses liquifaksi dan gasifikasi.
"Jika biodiesel generasi I menggunakan minyak sawit, biodiesel generasi II akan menggunakan limbah sawit seperti tandan buah kosong sawit, pelepah dan limbah pertanian lainnya sehingga diharapkan tak ada lagi hambatan mengembangkan biodiesel," terang Adiarso.
Sekretaris Jenderal Asosiasi Produsen Biofuel Indonesia (Aprobi) Aslam Kalyubi mengatakan, potensi biomassa di Indonesia tercatat mencapai 50 ribu MW, bahkan faktanya mencapai 210 ribu MW, sementara kapasistas terpasang hanya 1.618 MW.
"Di AS pembangkitan tenaga listrik dari biomassa mencapai 11 ribu MW sedangkan di Indonesia biomassa untuk pembangkit listrik belum tercatat pasti, namun telah digunakan oleh sejumlah perusahaan," katanya.
Sumber : www.kompas.com
Senyawa Pembunuh Virus HIV Ditemukan
TEXAS, KOMPAS.com — Zhilei Chen, asisten profesor di A&M University di Texas yang berkolaborasi dengan Scripps Research Institute, menghasilkan penelitian besar dengan menemukan senyawa PD 404,182 yang bisa membunuh virus HIV, penyebab AIDS.
Penemuannya dipublikasikan di jurnal American Society of Microbiology bulan ini. "Ini adalah senyawa kecil bersifat virusidal, artinya punya kemampuan membunuh virus, dalam hal ini adalah HIV. Pada dasarnya, virus ini bekerja dengan membuka virus," kata Chen seperti dikutip Medical Xpress, Kamis (24/11/2011).
"Kami menemukan ketika HIV kontak dengan senyawa ini, virus itu rusak dan kehilangan material genetik. Dalam hal ini, virus 'terlarut' dan RNA-nya (material genetik HIV) terpapar. Karena RNA tak stabil, sekali terpapar akan hilang dengan cepat dan virus tak bisa menginfeksi," tambah Chen.
Hal yang lebih mengejutkan, senyawa ini bekerja langsung menyerang bagian dalam virus, bukan protein pada bagian dinding kapsulnya. Ini kabar bagus sebab dengan demikian, virus sulit untuk berevolusi mengembangkan resistensi.
Penemuan bahwa senyawa ini bisa membunuh virus HIV sebenarnya tak sengaja. Mulanya, Chen hendak menguji keefektifan PD 404,182 untuk melawan virus Hepatitis C. Tapi setelah mencobanya pada HIV, ternyata senyawa itu bekerja lebih efektif.
Dengan penemuan ini, Chen yakin bahwa senyawa tersebut bisa dikembangkan untuk upaya preventif, misalnya dalam bentuk gel vagina yang berguna mencegah infeksi HIV lewat hubungan seksual. Chen membuktikan bahwa ketika kontak dengan cairan vagina, senyawa ini akan tetap efektif.
Karena menyerang bagian dalam kapsul virus, bukan membrannya, Chen juga yakin senyawa ini aman dipakai manusia.
Mayoritas senyawa virusidal bekerja pada membran luar kapsul virus yang karakteristiknya hampir serupa dengan membran sel manusia sehingga bisa merusak.
Sumber : www.kompas.com
Monday, November 21, 2011
Seminar on "Emerging food Safety Challenges" Thursday, 24 November 2011, IPB-ICC Bogor
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PT Media Pangan Indonesia
FOODREVIEW INDONESIA
KULINOLOGI INDONESIA
Jl Pandu Raya No 151-153, Indraprasta II
Bogor 16152, Indonesia
Ph. +62 251 7191945 / Fax. +62 251 8328 376
www.foodreview.biz / www.kulinologi.biz
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
THE SECOND US-INDONESIA KAVLI FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE CALL FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
First Circulation
THE SECOND US-INDONESIA KAVLI FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE CALL FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
This call for expression of interest is a preliminary announcement in the preparation for The
Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Sciences symposium, organized jointly by the US
National Academy of Science and the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI), to be held in
July 2012 in Solo, Indonesia.
Background
The Kavli-Frontiers of Science Series was inaugurated in Irvine, California on March 2-4,
1989, through a symposium on Frontiers of Science, organized by a committee of young
scholars with the support of the National Science Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation, and the National Academy of Sciences. These annual symposia bring together
some of the very best young scientists to discuss exciting advances and opportunities in their
fields in a format that encourages informal collectives as well as one-on-one discussions
among participants. Speakers are urged to focus their talks on current cutting-edges research
in their disciplines to colleagues outside their fields. Typically, these symposia are attended
by approximately 80 to 100 scholars, by up to a dozen senior colleagues, and by several
science writers. Attendees for the Frontiers of Science symposia are selected from the pool of
young researchers (under 45 years of age) who have made significant contribution to science.
The US series inspired bilateral symposia, organized jointly by the US National Academy of
Science and national academies from other countries, such as the UK, Japan, China and India.
Thus, the Frontiers of Science Symposia have become a fundamental instrument in bringing
together the best young scientists─the next generation of leaders─in the field of natural
sciences and engineering, in the US and around the world.
The first US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science symposium was held in July 2011 in
Bogor, Indonesia. The symposium covered five topics (alternative/renewable energy,
biodegradable plastics, climate change science and impacts, infectious disease, marine
microbial diversity, and rice genomics). A total of 70 participants (40 scientist from
Indonesia and 30 from USA) were selected by the Organizing Committee for the meeting:
eighteen participants gave oral presentations and 52 gave poster presentations, reporting on
current research within their disciplines to an academically trained and scientifically diverse
audience. They highlighted major research challenges, methodologies, and limitations to
progress at the frontiers of their respective fields. All attendees participated actively in
general discussion, during which they learned from and form collaborative relationships with
other young scientists.
Call for Expression of Interest
The Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI) has formed an Indonesian Organizing
Committee of young scientists─chaired by Prof. Dr. Ismunandar, with Dr. Rika Raffiudin,
Dr. Dwi Susilaningsih, Dr. Ronny Martien, Dr. Marsia Gustiananda and Dr. Rohani Ambo
Rappe as members─to prepare the Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science
Symposium, in cooperation with the US Organizing Committee. This meeting will be held in
Solo in July 2012.
In developing the topics for the Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science Symposium,
the Indonesian Organizing Committee invites expression of interest from young scientists of
Indonesia to participate in the Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science Symposium.
Applicants should:
1. Have a doctoral degree and actively conduct/participate in research as shown by their
peer-reviewed international and national publications.
2. No more than 45 years old at the time of application.
3. Submit a brief CV (no more than 2 pages) highlighting their publication list.
4. Include a brief statement (short paragraph, no more than 500 words) on what you would
like to present at the meeting if you are selected.
Submission
Application should be written in English and sent to: marsia@eijkman.go.id;
rohani_amborappe@yahoo.com by no later than 2 February 2012.
Why You Should Apply
Selected participants will be sponsored (travel and accommodation) to attend the symposium.
You will have the opportunity to meet and discuss your work with 40 of the best US young
scientists, interested in collaborating with you in cutting edge research projects. The
symposium program would allow visits to your laboratory and institution by interested
participants. These are organized to create opportunities for and promote the development of
future collaborations.
Website: kavli.aipi.or.id
THE SECOND US-INDONESIA KAVLI FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE CALL FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST
This call for expression of interest is a preliminary announcement in the preparation for The
Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Sciences symposium, organized jointly by the US
National Academy of Science and the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI), to be held in
July 2012 in Solo, Indonesia.
Background
The Kavli-Frontiers of Science Series was inaugurated in Irvine, California on March 2-4,
1989, through a symposium on Frontiers of Science, organized by a committee of young
scholars with the support of the National Science Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation, and the National Academy of Sciences. These annual symposia bring together
some of the very best young scientists to discuss exciting advances and opportunities in their
fields in a format that encourages informal collectives as well as one-on-one discussions
among participants. Speakers are urged to focus their talks on current cutting-edges research
in their disciplines to colleagues outside their fields. Typically, these symposia are attended
by approximately 80 to 100 scholars, by up to a dozen senior colleagues, and by several
science writers. Attendees for the Frontiers of Science symposia are selected from the pool of
young researchers (under 45 years of age) who have made significant contribution to science.
The US series inspired bilateral symposia, organized jointly by the US National Academy of
Science and national academies from other countries, such as the UK, Japan, China and India.
Thus, the Frontiers of Science Symposia have become a fundamental instrument in bringing
together the best young scientists─the next generation of leaders─in the field of natural
sciences and engineering, in the US and around the world.
The first US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science symposium was held in July 2011 in
Bogor, Indonesia. The symposium covered five topics (alternative/renewable energy,
biodegradable plastics, climate change science and impacts, infectious disease, marine
microbial diversity, and rice genomics). A total of 70 participants (40 scientist from
Indonesia and 30 from USA) were selected by the Organizing Committee for the meeting:
eighteen participants gave oral presentations and 52 gave poster presentations, reporting on
current research within their disciplines to an academically trained and scientifically diverse
audience. They highlighted major research challenges, methodologies, and limitations to
progress at the frontiers of their respective fields. All attendees participated actively in
general discussion, during which they learned from and form collaborative relationships with
other young scientists.
Call for Expression of Interest
The Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI) has formed an Indonesian Organizing
Committee of young scientists─chaired by Prof. Dr. Ismunandar, with Dr. Rika Raffiudin,
Dr. Dwi Susilaningsih, Dr. Ronny Martien, Dr. Marsia Gustiananda and Dr. Rohani Ambo
Rappe as members─to prepare the Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science
Symposium, in cooperation with the US Organizing Committee. This meeting will be held in
Solo in July 2012.
In developing the topics for the Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science Symposium,
the Indonesian Organizing Committee invites expression of interest from young scientists of
Indonesia to participate in the Second US-Indonesia Kavli Frontiers of Science Symposium.
Applicants should:
1. Have a doctoral degree and actively conduct/participate in research as shown by their
peer-reviewed international and national publications.
2. No more than 45 years old at the time of application.
3. Submit a brief CV (no more than 2 pages) highlighting their publication list.
4. Include a brief statement (short paragraph, no more than 500 words) on what you would
like to present at the meeting if you are selected.
Submission
Application should be written in English and sent to: marsia@eijkman.go.id;
rohani_amborappe@yahoo.com by no later than 2 February 2012.
Why You Should Apply
Selected participants will be sponsored (travel and accommodation) to attend the symposium.
You will have the opportunity to meet and discuss your work with 40 of the best US young
scientists, interested in collaborating with you in cutting edge research projects. The
symposium program would allow visits to your laboratory and institution by interested
participants. These are organized to create opportunities for and promote the development of
future collaborations.
Website: kavli.aipi.or.id
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